Interleukin-10 regulates fetal extracellular matrix hyaluronan production

Abstract Background/Purpose Mid-gestational (E14.5) fetal wounds heal regeneratively with attenuated inflammation and high levels of hyaluronan (HA) in their extracellular matrix (ECM), whereas late-gestational (E18.5) fetal wounds heal with scarring. IL-10 plays an essential role in the fetal regenerative phenotype and is shown to recapitulate scarless wound healing postnatally. We hypothesize a novel role of IL-10 as a regulator of HA in the ECM. Methods Murine fetal fibroblasts (FFb) from C57Bl/6 and IL-10 −/− mice were evaluated in vitro. Pericellular matrix (PCM) and HA synthesis were quantified using a particle exclusion assay and ELISA. The effects of hyaluronidase and hyaluronan synthase (HAS) inhibitor (4-methylumbelliferone[4-MU]) were evaluated. An ex vivo fetal forearm culture incisional wound model comparing mid-gestation and late-gestation fetuses was used to evaluate IL-10's effect on HA-rich ECM production with pentachrome and immunohistochemistry. Results FFb produce a robust HA-rich PCM which is IL-10 dependent and attenuated with hyaluronidase and HAS inhibition. Mid-gestation fetal wounds produce more ground substance and HA than late-gestation fetal wounds. IL-10 in late-gestation fetal wounds results in elevated ground substance levels and HA staining. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that IL-10 regulates an HA-rich ECM deposition, suggesting a novel non-immunoregulatory mechanism of IL-10 in mediating regenerative wound healing.