Transforming growth factor beta in cardiovascular development and function

Transforming growth factor betas (TGFβs) are pleiotropic cytokines involved in many biological processes. Genetic engineering and tissue explanation studies have revealed specific non-overlapping roles for TGFβ ligands and their signaling molecules in development and in normal function of the cardio...

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Veröffentlicht in:Cytokine & growth factor reviews 2003-10, Vol.14 (5), p.391-407
Hauptverfasser: Azhar, Mohamad, Schultz, Jo El J., Grupp, Ingrid, Dorn, Gerald W., Meneton, Pierre, Molin, Daniel G.M., Gittenberger-de Groot, Adriana C., Doetschman, Thomas
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container_end_page 407
container_issue 5
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container_title Cytokine & growth factor reviews
container_volume 14
creator Azhar, Mohamad
Schultz, Jo El J.
Grupp, Ingrid
Dorn, Gerald W.
Meneton, Pierre
Molin, Daniel G.M.
Gittenberger-de Groot, Adriana C.
Doetschman, Thomas
description Transforming growth factor betas (TGFβs) are pleiotropic cytokines involved in many biological processes. Genetic engineering and tissue explanation studies have revealed specific non-overlapping roles for TGFβ ligands and their signaling molecules in development and in normal function of the cardiovascular system in the adult. In the embryo, TGFβs appear to be involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transformations (EMT) during endocardial cushion formation, and in epicardial epithelial–mesenchymal transformations essential for coronary vasculature, ventricular myocardial development and compaction. In the adult, TGFβs are involved in cardiac hypertrophy, vascular remodeling and regulation of the renal renin–angiotensin system. The evidence for TGFβ activities during cardiovascular development and physiologic function will be given and areas which need further investigation will be discussed.
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subjects Animals
Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena
Development
Embryo, Mammalian - anatomy & histology
Embryo, Mammalian - physiology
Embryo, Nonmammalian
Epithelium - physiology
Heart
Heart - anatomy & histology
Heart - embryology
Heart - growth & development
Heart - physiology
Kidney - physiology
Ligands
Mesoderm - physiology
Myocardium - cytology
Myocardium - metabolism
Physiology
Signal Transduction - physiology
TGFβ
Transforming Growth Factor beta - genetics
Transforming Growth Factor beta - metabolism
Vasculature
title Transforming growth factor beta in cardiovascular development and function
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