PI(4,5)P2 DEPENDENT AND Ca2+-REGULATED ER-PLASMA MEMBRANE INTERACTIONS MEDIATED BY THE EXTENDED-SYNAPTOTAGMINS

Most available information on ER-plasma membrane (PM) contacts in cells of higher eukaryotes concerns proteins implicated in the regulation of Ca 2+ entry. However, growing evidence suggests that such contacts play more general roles in cell physiology, pointing to the existence of additionally ubiquitously expressed ER-PM tethers. Here we show that the three Extended-Synaptotagmins (E-Syts) are ER proteins that participate in such tethering function via C2 domain-dependent interactions with the PM that require PI(4,5)P 2 in the case of E-Syt2 and E-Syt3 and also elevation of cytosolic Ca 2+ in the case of E-Syt1. As they form heteromeric complexes, the E-Syts confer cytosolic Ca 2+ regulation to ER-PM contact formation. E-Syts-dependent contacts, however, are not required for store-operated Ca 2+ entry. Thus, the ER-PM tethering function of the E-Syts (tricalbins in yeast), mediate the formation of ER-PM contacts sites which are functionally distinct from those mediated by STIM1 and Orai1.