Neurodevelopmental outcomes of moderately preterm birth: precursors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder at preschool age

Moderately preterm birth seems to be an evolutional risk condition at cognitive, behavioural and socio-relational levels. The study is aimed to investigate the likely occurrence of precursors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in moderately preterm children at preschool age. The research involved an experimental group made up of 50 moderately preterm children (mean: 34.6 weeks’ gestational age, standard deviation [SD]: 2) without any medical and neurologic neonatal complications and low birth weight (mean:2100g., SD: 350g.) and a check group of 50 full term born children. Parents and teachers of children were administered specific questionnaires to detect ADHD. The outcomes show a risk of ADHD highlighting statically significant differences related to gender [F (2, 99) = 2.99, p = .04], birth [F (2, 99) = 9.6, p = .03] and interaction [F (2, 99) = 2.2, p = .01]. The moderately preterm children showed deficit in self-regulation [F (2, 99) = 1.14, p = .04] and attention deficit in daily life both in family [F (2, 99) = 7.8, p = .04] and school contexts [F (1, 99) = 3.3, p = .04]. The outcomes hint assessment paths aimed to monitor the aspects of cognitive, motor, behavioural development of moderately preterm children recognised as signs of problematic functioning profiles. Therefore, specific training will have been designed since preschool age in order to control the ADHD risk factors.