Serum titres of anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase‐65 and anti‐IA‐2 autoantibodies are associated with different immunoregulatory milieu in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients

Summary Several studies correlated genetic background and pancreatic islet‐cell autoantibody status (type and number) in type 1A diabetes mellitus (T1AD), but there are no data evaluating the relationship among these markers with serum cytokines, regulatory T cells and β cell function. This characterization has a potential importance with regard to T1AD patients' stratification and follow‐up in therapeutic prevention. In this study we showed that peripheral sera cytokines [interleukin (IL)‐12, IL‐6, II‐1β, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, IL‐10] and chemokines (CXCL10, CXCL8, CXCL9, CCL2) measured were significantly higher in newly diagnosed T1AD patients when compared to healthy controls (P