Effect of estrogen priming through luteal phase and stimulation phase in poor responders in in-vitro fertilization
Purpose To verify whether a novel protocol administering E 2 during the luteal phase of the preceding cycle and during ovarian stimulation in GnRH antagonist cycle could enhance follicular response and hence improve outcomes in poor responders. Methods In this retrospective analysis, a total of 155...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 2012-03, Vol.29 (3), p.225-230 |
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| creator | Chang, Eun Mi Han, Ji Eun Won, Hyung Jae Kim, You Shin Yoon, Tae Ki Lee, Woo Sik |
| description | Purpose
To verify whether a novel protocol administering E
2
during the luteal phase of the preceding cycle and during ovarian stimulation in GnRH antagonist cycle could enhance follicular response and hence improve outcomes in poor responders.
Methods
In this retrospective analysis, a total of 155 poor responder patients subjected to IVF/ICSI were analyzed. All the patients had history of more than one prior IVF cycle failure with poor response (less than 5 oocytes retrieved and/or maximal E
2
level less than 500 pg/mL) by using conventional long agonist or antagonist protocol. In luteal E2 treatment protocol (
n
= 86), oral estradiol valerate 4 mg/day was initiated on luteal day 21 and either stopped at menstrual cycle day 3 (Protocol A,
n
= 28) or continued during the period of ovarian stimulation until the day of hCG injection (Protocol B,
n
= 58). IVF parameters and pregnancy outcome of luteal E2 treatments group were compared with a standard GnRH antagonist protocol (
n
= 69) which the patients received no hormonal pretreatment.
Results
Compared to standard GnRH antagonist protocol, cancellation rate was lower with luteal E2 group (15.1% vs 37.7%,
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10815-011-9685-7 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3288134</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2596335701</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c566t-d87a6fd1833410ff13e0f6289fcf615c959f7f4e93592454fccfc8110240ef873</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kUuPFSEQhYnROOPoD3BjiBtXKMWrYWNiJuMjmcSNrgnS0JdJX7hC9yT666W91_GRuKJS9dWBw0HoKdCXQOnwqgHVIAkFIEZpSYZ76BzkwMnAOb3fayo1oULpM_SotRtKqdGMP0RnjIHqfXGO6lWMwS-4RBzaUssUMj7UtE95wsuulnXa4XldgpvxYedawC6PuC1pv85uSSWfuqkXpVRcQzuUPIbatlbK5DZ1URxDXdKcvv9ceYweRDe38OR0XqDPb68-Xb4n1x_ffbh8c028VGohox6ciiNozgXQGIEHGhXTJvqoQHojTRyiCIZLw4QU0fvoNQBlgoaoB36BXh91D-uXfRh9yEt1s93cufrNFpfs35OcdnYqt5YzrYGLLvDiJFDL17V_j92n5sM8uxzK2qyRQnFDte7k83_Im7LW3N1Zw_jAhALVIThCvpbWaoh3TwFqtzztMU_b87Rbnnbz8OxPD3cbvwLsADsCrY_yFOrvm_-v-gOBT63f</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>923724616</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Effect of estrogen priming through luteal phase and stimulation phase in poor responders in in-vitro fertilization</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Chang, Eun Mi ; Han, Ji Eun ; Won, Hyung Jae ; Kim, You Shin ; Yoon, Tae Ki ; Lee, Woo Sik</creator><creatorcontrib>Chang, Eun Mi ; Han, Ji Eun ; Won, Hyung Jae ; Kim, You Shin ; Yoon, Tae Ki ; Lee, Woo Sik</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose
To verify whether a novel protocol administering E
2
during the luteal phase of the preceding cycle and during ovarian stimulation in GnRH antagonist cycle could enhance follicular response and hence improve outcomes in poor responders.
Methods
In this retrospective analysis, a total of 155 poor responder patients subjected to IVF/ICSI were analyzed. All the patients had history of more than one prior IVF cycle failure with poor response (less than 5 oocytes retrieved and/or maximal E
2
level less than 500 pg/mL) by using conventional long agonist or antagonist protocol. In luteal E2 treatment protocol (
n
= 86), oral estradiol valerate 4 mg/day was initiated on luteal day 21 and either stopped at menstrual cycle day 3 (Protocol A,
n
= 28) or continued during the period of ovarian stimulation until the day of hCG injection (Protocol B,
n
= 58). IVF parameters and pregnancy outcome of luteal E2 treatments group were compared with a standard GnRH antagonist protocol (
n
= 69) which the patients received no hormonal pretreatment.
Results
Compared to standard GnRH antagonist protocol, cancellation rate was lower with luteal E2 group (15.1% vs 37.7%,
p
< 0.01). Moreover, patients treated with luteal estrogen resulted in an increased number of oocytes retrieved (4.5 ± 2.9 vs 3.2 ± 1.9;
p
< 0.01). A trend toward increase in number of normally fertilized embryos (2.9 ± 2.1vs 2.3 ± 1.9;
p
= 0.043), and increased prevalence of good quality embryos (51.2% vs 25%;
p
= 0.047) were noted. Comparing protocol A and B, there were no significant difference between embryologic data, however there were slight increase in ongoing pregnancy rate in protocol B compared to A (27.1% vs 20%,
p
= 0.357), although statistical significance was not achieved.
Conclusion
Estrogen priming through luteal phase and stimulation phase improved ovarian responsiveness and this may lead to an increase in pregnancy rate in poor responders with failed cycle.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1058-0468</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-7330</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10815-011-9685-7</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22160464</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: Springer US</publisher><subject>Adult ; Assisted Reproduction Technologies ; Cohort analysis ; Cohort Studies ; Data processing ; Drug Resistance ; Ectogenesis - drug effects ; Embryos ; Estradiol ; Estradiol - administration & dosage ; Estradiol - analogs & derivatives ; Estradiol - blood ; Estradiol - pharmacology ; Estrogens ; Estrogens - administration & dosage ; Estrogens - blood ; Estrogens - pharmacology ; Female ; Fertility ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Gonadotropin-releasing hormone ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - antagonists & inhibitors ; Gynecology ; Hormone Antagonists - pharmacology ; Human Genetics ; Humans ; In vitro fertilization ; Infertility - blood ; Infertility - therapy ; Luteal Phase - drug effects ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Menstrual cycle ; Menstruation ; Oocytes ; Ovaries ; Ovulation - drug effects ; Ovulation Induction - methods ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Rate ; Reproductive Medicine ; Retrospective Studies ; Statistics ; Ultrasonic imaging</subject><ispartof>Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 2012-03, Vol.29 (3), p.225-230</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011</rights><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c566t-d87a6fd1833410ff13e0f6289fcf615c959f7f4e93592454fccfc8110240ef873</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c566t-d87a6fd1833410ff13e0f6289fcf615c959f7f4e93592454fccfc8110240ef873</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3288134/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3288134/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22160464$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chang, Eun Mi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Han, Ji Eun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Won, Hyung Jae</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, You Shin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yoon, Tae Ki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Woo Sik</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of estrogen priming through luteal phase and stimulation phase in poor responders in in-vitro fertilization</title><title>Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics</title><addtitle>J Assist Reprod Genet</addtitle><addtitle>J Assist Reprod Genet</addtitle><description>Purpose
To verify whether a novel protocol administering E
2
during the luteal phase of the preceding cycle and during ovarian stimulation in GnRH antagonist cycle could enhance follicular response and hence improve outcomes in poor responders.
Methods
In this retrospective analysis, a total of 155 poor responder patients subjected to IVF/ICSI were analyzed. All the patients had history of more than one prior IVF cycle failure with poor response (less than 5 oocytes retrieved and/or maximal E
2
level less than 500 pg/mL) by using conventional long agonist or antagonist protocol. In luteal E2 treatment protocol (
n
= 86), oral estradiol valerate 4 mg/day was initiated on luteal day 21 and either stopped at menstrual cycle day 3 (Protocol A,
n
= 28) or continued during the period of ovarian stimulation until the day of hCG injection (Protocol B,
n
= 58). IVF parameters and pregnancy outcome of luteal E2 treatments group were compared with a standard GnRH antagonist protocol (
n
= 69) which the patients received no hormonal pretreatment.
Results
Compared to standard GnRH antagonist protocol, cancellation rate was lower with luteal E2 group (15.1% vs 37.7%,
p
< 0.01). Moreover, patients treated with luteal estrogen resulted in an increased number of oocytes retrieved (4.5 ± 2.9 vs 3.2 ± 1.9;
p
< 0.01). A trend toward increase in number of normally fertilized embryos (2.9 ± 2.1vs 2.3 ± 1.9;
p
= 0.043), and increased prevalence of good quality embryos (51.2% vs 25%;
p
= 0.047) were noted. Comparing protocol A and B, there were no significant difference between embryologic data, however there were slight increase in ongoing pregnancy rate in protocol B compared to A (27.1% vs 20%,
p
= 0.357), although statistical significance was not achieved.
Conclusion
Estrogen priming through luteal phase and stimulation phase improved ovarian responsiveness and this may lead to an increase in pregnancy rate in poor responders with failed cycle.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Assisted Reproduction Technologies</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Data processing</subject><subject>Drug Resistance</subject><subject>Ectogenesis - drug effects</subject><subject>Embryos</subject><subject>Estradiol</subject><subject>Estradiol - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Estradiol - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Estradiol - blood</subject><subject>Estradiol - pharmacology</subject><subject>Estrogens</subject><subject>Estrogens - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Estrogens - blood</subject><subject>Estrogens - pharmacology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fertility</subject><subject>Fertilization</subject><subject>Fertilization in Vitro</subject><subject>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone</subject><subject>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - antagonists & inhibitors</subject><subject>Gynecology</subject><subject>Hormone Antagonists - pharmacology</subject><subject>Human Genetics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>In vitro fertilization</subject><subject>Infertility - blood</subject><subject>Infertility - therapy</subject><subject>Luteal Phase - drug effects</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Menstrual cycle</subject><subject>Menstruation</subject><subject>Oocytes</subject><subject>Ovaries</subject><subject>Ovulation - drug effects</subject><subject>Ovulation Induction - methods</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pregnancy Outcome</subject><subject>Pregnancy Rate</subject><subject>Reproductive Medicine</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Statistics</subject><subject>Ultrasonic imaging</subject><issn>1058-0468</issn><issn>1573-7330</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kUuPFSEQhYnROOPoD3BjiBtXKMWrYWNiJuMjmcSNrgnS0JdJX7hC9yT666W91_GRuKJS9dWBw0HoKdCXQOnwqgHVIAkFIEZpSYZ76BzkwMnAOb3fayo1oULpM_SotRtKqdGMP0RnjIHqfXGO6lWMwS-4RBzaUssUMj7UtE95wsuulnXa4XldgpvxYedawC6PuC1pv85uSSWfuqkXpVRcQzuUPIbatlbK5DZ1URxDXdKcvv9ceYweRDe38OR0XqDPb68-Xb4n1x_ffbh8c028VGohox6ciiNozgXQGIEHGhXTJvqoQHojTRyiCIZLw4QU0fvoNQBlgoaoB36BXh91D-uXfRh9yEt1s93cufrNFpfs35OcdnYqt5YzrYGLLvDiJFDL17V_j92n5sM8uxzK2qyRQnFDte7k83_Im7LW3N1Zw_jAhALVIThCvpbWaoh3TwFqtzztMU_b87Rbnnbz8OxPD3cbvwLsADsCrY_yFOrvm_-v-gOBT63f</recordid><startdate>20120301</startdate><enddate>20120301</enddate><creator>Chang, Eun Mi</creator><creator>Han, Ji Eun</creator><creator>Won, Hyung Jae</creator><creator>Kim, You Shin</creator><creator>Yoon, Tae Ki</creator><creator>Lee, Woo Sik</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120301</creationdate><title>Effect of estrogen priming through luteal phase and stimulation phase in poor responders in in-vitro fertilization</title><author>Chang, Eun Mi ; Han, Ji Eun ; Won, Hyung Jae ; Kim, You Shin ; Yoon, Tae Ki ; Lee, Woo Sik</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c566t-d87a6fd1833410ff13e0f6289fcf615c959f7f4e93592454fccfc8110240ef873</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Assisted Reproduction Technologies</topic><topic>Cohort analysis</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Data processing</topic><topic>Drug Resistance</topic><topic>Ectogenesis - drug effects</topic><topic>Embryos</topic><topic>Estradiol</topic><topic>Estradiol - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Estradiol - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Estradiol - blood</topic><topic>Estradiol - pharmacology</topic><topic>Estrogens</topic><topic>Estrogens - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Estrogens - blood</topic><topic>Estrogens - pharmacology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fertility</topic><topic>Fertilization</topic><topic>Fertilization in Vitro</topic><topic>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone</topic><topic>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - antagonists & inhibitors</topic><topic>Gynecology</topic><topic>Hormone Antagonists - pharmacology</topic><topic>Human Genetics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>In vitro fertilization</topic><topic>Infertility - blood</topic><topic>Infertility - therapy</topic><topic>Luteal Phase - drug effects</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Menstrual cycle</topic><topic>Menstruation</topic><topic>Oocytes</topic><topic>Ovaries</topic><topic>Ovulation - drug effects</topic><topic>Ovulation Induction - methods</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Pregnancy Outcome</topic><topic>Pregnancy Rate</topic><topic>Reproductive Medicine</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Statistics</topic><topic>Ultrasonic imaging</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chang, Eun Mi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Han, Ji Eun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Won, Hyung Jae</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, You Shin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yoon, Tae Ki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Woo Sik</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chang, Eun Mi</au><au>Han, Ji Eun</au><au>Won, Hyung Jae</au><au>Kim, You Shin</au><au>Yoon, Tae Ki</au><au>Lee, Woo Sik</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of estrogen priming through luteal phase and stimulation phase in poor responders in in-vitro fertilization</atitle><jtitle>Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics</jtitle><stitle>J Assist Reprod Genet</stitle><addtitle>J Assist Reprod Genet</addtitle><date>2012-03-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>225</spage><epage>230</epage><pages>225-230</pages><issn>1058-0468</issn><eissn>1573-7330</eissn><abstract>Purpose
To verify whether a novel protocol administering E
2
during the luteal phase of the preceding cycle and during ovarian stimulation in GnRH antagonist cycle could enhance follicular response and hence improve outcomes in poor responders.
Methods
In this retrospective analysis, a total of 155 poor responder patients subjected to IVF/ICSI were analyzed. All the patients had history of more than one prior IVF cycle failure with poor response (less than 5 oocytes retrieved and/or maximal E
2
level less than 500 pg/mL) by using conventional long agonist or antagonist protocol. In luteal E2 treatment protocol (
n
= 86), oral estradiol valerate 4 mg/day was initiated on luteal day 21 and either stopped at menstrual cycle day 3 (Protocol A,
n
= 28) or continued during the period of ovarian stimulation until the day of hCG injection (Protocol B,
n
= 58). IVF parameters and pregnancy outcome of luteal E2 treatments group were compared with a standard GnRH antagonist protocol (
n
= 69) which the patients received no hormonal pretreatment.
Results
Compared to standard GnRH antagonist protocol, cancellation rate was lower with luteal E2 group (15.1% vs 37.7%,
p
< 0.01). Moreover, patients treated with luteal estrogen resulted in an increased number of oocytes retrieved (4.5 ± 2.9 vs 3.2 ± 1.9;
p
< 0.01). A trend toward increase in number of normally fertilized embryos (2.9 ± 2.1vs 2.3 ± 1.9;
p
= 0.043), and increased prevalence of good quality embryos (51.2% vs 25%;
p
= 0.047) were noted. Comparing protocol A and B, there were no significant difference between embryologic data, however there were slight increase in ongoing pregnancy rate in protocol B compared to A (27.1% vs 20%,
p
= 0.357), although statistical significance was not achieved.
Conclusion
Estrogen priming through luteal phase and stimulation phase improved ovarian responsiveness and this may lead to an increase in pregnancy rate in poor responders with failed cycle.</abstract><cop>Boston</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>22160464</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10815-011-9685-7</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1058-0468 |
| ispartof | Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 2012-03, Vol.29 (3), p.225-230 |
| issn | 1058-0468 1573-7330 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3288134 |
| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Adult Assisted Reproduction Technologies Cohort analysis Cohort Studies Data processing Drug Resistance Ectogenesis - drug effects Embryos Estradiol Estradiol - administration & dosage Estradiol - analogs & derivatives Estradiol - blood Estradiol - pharmacology Estrogens Estrogens - administration & dosage Estrogens - blood Estrogens - pharmacology Female Fertility Fertilization Fertilization in Vitro Gonadotropin-releasing hormone Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - antagonists & inhibitors Gynecology Hormone Antagonists - pharmacology Human Genetics Humans In vitro fertilization Infertility - blood Infertility - therapy Luteal Phase - drug effects Medicine Medicine & Public Health Menstrual cycle Menstruation Oocytes Ovaries Ovulation - drug effects Ovulation Induction - methods Pregnancy Pregnancy Outcome Pregnancy Rate Reproductive Medicine Retrospective Studies Statistics Ultrasonic imaging |
| title | Effect of estrogen priming through luteal phase and stimulation phase in poor responders in in-vitro fertilization |
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