Identification and engineering of the cytochalasin gene cluster from Aspergillus clavatus NRRL 1
Cytochalasins are a group of fungal secondary metabolites with diverse structures and bioactivities, including cytochalasin E produced by Aspergillus clavatus, which is a potent anti-angiogenic agent. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the cytochalasin gene cluster from A. cl...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Metabolic engineering 2011-11, Vol.13 (6), p.723-732 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | Cytochalasins are a group of fungal secondary metabolites with diverse structures and bioactivities, including cytochalasin E produced by
Aspergillus clavatus, which is a potent anti-angiogenic agent. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the cytochalasin gene cluster from
A. clavatus NRRL 1. As a producer of cytochalasin E and K, the genome of
A. clavatus was analyzed and the ∼30
kb
ccs gene cluster was identified based on the presence of a polyketide synthase–nonribosomal peptide synthetases (PKS–NRPS) and a putative Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO). Deletion of the central PKS–NRPS gene,
ccsA, abolished the production of cytochalasin E and K, confirming the association between the natural products and the gene cluster. Based on bioinformatic analysis, a putative biosynthetic pathway is proposed. Furthermore, overexpression of the pathway specific regulator
ccsR elevated the titer of cytochalasin E from 25
mg/L to 175
mg/L. Our results not only shed light on the biosynthesis of cytochalasins, but also provided genetic tools for increasing and engineering the production.
► We identified the gene cluster for cytochalasin E/K in
Aspergillus clavatus genome. ► Involvement of a PKS–NRPS gene (
ccsA) was confirmed by targeted gene disruption. ► A biosynthetic route for cytochalasin E/K was proposed based on gene cluster analyses. ► Overexpression of the
ccsR regulator gene improved cytochalasin production. ► Genome mining revealed
ccs-like gene clusters among other sequenced fungal genomes. |
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ISSN: | 1096-7176 1096-7184 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.ymben.2011.09.008 |