Activating Peripheral Arterial Disease Patients to Reduce Cholesterol: A Randomized Trial

Abstract Background Peripheral arterial disease patients are less likely than other high-risk patients to achieve ideal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. This randomized controlled trial assessed whether a telephone counseling intervention, designed to help peripheral arterial disease patients request more intensive cholesterol-lowering therapy from their physician, achieved lower LDL cholesterol levels than 2 control conditions. Methods There were 355 peripheral arterial disease participants with baseline LDL cholesterol ≥70 mg/dL enrolled. The primary outcome was change in LDL cholesterol level at 12-month follow-up. There were 3 parallel arms: telephone counseling intervention, attention control condition, and usual care. The intervention consisted of patient-centered counseling, delivered every 6 weeks, encouraging participants to request increases in cholesterol-lowering therapy from their physician. The attention control condition consisted of telephone calls every 6 weeks providing information only. The usual care condition participated in baseline and follow-up testing. Results At 12-month follow-up, participants in the intervention improved their LDL cholesterol level, compared with those in attention control (−18.4 mg/dL vs −6.8 mg/dL, P = .010) but not compared with those in usual care (−18.4 mg/dL vs −11.1 mg/dL, P = .208). Intervention participants were more likely to start a cholesterol-lowering medication or increase their cholesterol-lowering medication dose than those in the attention control (54% vs 18%, P = .001) and usual care (54% vs 31%, P