A synthetic histone pre-mRNA-U7 small nuclear RNA chimera undergoing cis cleavage in the cytoplasm of Xenopus oocytes

The 3′ processing of histone pre-mRNAs is a nuclear event in which the U7 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) participates as an essential trans-actlng factor. We have constructed a chimeric histone-U7 RNA that when injected into the cytoplasm of Xenopus laevls oocytes assembles into a snRNP-like particle and becomes cleaved at the correct site(s). RNP assembly is a prerequisite for cleavage, but, since neither the RNA nor the RNP appreciably enter the nucleus, cleavage occurs mostly, If not exclusively, in the cytoplasm. Consistent with this, cleavage also occurs In enucleated oocytes or in oocytes which have been depleted of U7 snRNPs. Thus all necessary components for cleavage must be present in the oocyte cytoplasm. The novel cleavage occurs In els, Involving only a single molecule of chimeric RNA with its associated proteins. This reaction is equally dependent upon base pairing interactions between histone spacer sequences and the 5-end of the U7 moiety as the natural In trans reaction. These results imply that U7 is the only snRNP required for histone RNA processing. Moreover, the chimeric RNA Is expected to be useful for further studies of the cleavage and assembly mechanisms of U7 snRNP.