Short Communication: Lack of Immune Response in Rapid Progressor Morphine-Dependent and SIV/SHIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques Is Correlated with Downregulation of TH1 Cytokines

Our previous studies have shown two distinct disease patterns (rapid and normal onset of clinical symptoms) in morphine-dependent SHIV/SIV-inoculated rhesus macaques. We have also shown that control as well as 50% of morphine-dependent macaques (normal progressor) developed humoral and cellular immu...

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Veröffentlicht in:AIDS research and human retroviruses 2010-08, Vol.26 (8), p.919-922
Hauptverfasser: RIVERA-AMILL, Vanessa, KUMAR, Rakesh, KUMAR, Santosh, GIAVEDONI, Luis D, KUMAR, Anil, NOEL, Richard J, GARCIA, Yashira, RODRIGUEZ, Idia V, MARTINEZ, Melween, SARIOL, Carlos A, KRAISELBURD, Edmundo, ISZARD, Marcus, MUKHERJI, Mridul
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:Our previous studies have shown two distinct disease patterns (rapid and normal onset of clinical symptoms) in morphine-dependent SHIV/SIV-inoculated rhesus macaques. We have also shown that control as well as 50% of morphine-dependent macaques (normal progressor) developed humoral and cellular immune responses whereas the other half of the morphine-dependent macaques (rapid progressor) did not develop antiviral immune responses after infection with SIV/SHIV. In the present study, we analyzed the association between cytokine production, immune response, and disease progression. To study the immunological effects of morphine at cytokine levels in the context of a lentiviral infection, we inoculated rhesus macaques with a mixture of SHIV(KU-18), SHIV(89.6)P, and SIV/17E-Fr. These animals were followed for a period of 56 weeks for cytokine level production in plasma. Drug-dependent rapid disease progressors exhibited an increase in IL-18 and IL-1Ra and a decrease in IL-12 levels in the plasma. Morphine-dependent normal progressors and control macaques exhibited an increase in both IL-18 and IL-12, whereas IL-Ra levels remained constant throughout the observation period. These results suggest that rapid disease progression in relation to morphine dependency may be the result of an altered cytokine profile.
ISSN:0889-2229
1931-8405
DOI:10.1089/aid.2010.0012