Mutated genes, pathways and processes in tumours

Integration of the many available sources of cancer gene information—such as large‐scale tumour‐resequencing studies— identifies the ‘usual suspect’ genes, mutated in many tumour types, as well as different sets of mutated genes according to the specific tumour type. Scaling‐up the analysis reveals that this large collection of mutated genes cluster into a smaller number of signalling pathways and processes. From this, we draw a map of the altered processes, and their combinations, in more than 10 tumours types. Literature searches identify pathways and processes that are covered sparsely in the literature, and invite the proposal of new hypotheses to investigate cancer initiation and progression. This analysis of genes mutated in cancers, drawn from small and large‐scale genome studies, allows the authors to draw a map of pathways and processes altered by cancers, revealing both common and specific changes.