Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Regulates Myoendothelial Junction Formation

RATIONALE:Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a biomarker for several vascular disease states; however, its target of action within the vessel wall is undefined. OBJECTIVE:Determine the ability of PAI-1 to regulate myoendothelial junction (MEJ) formation. METHODS AND RESULTS:MEJs are found...

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Veröffentlicht in:Circulation research 2010-04, Vol.106 (6), p.1092-1102
Hauptverfasser: Heberlein, Katherine R, Straub, Adam C, Best, Angela K, Greyson, Mark A, Looft-Wilson, Robin C, Sharma, Poonam R, Meher, Akshaya, Leitinger, Norbert, Isakson, Brant E
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:RATIONALE:Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a biomarker for several vascular disease states; however, its target of action within the vessel wall is undefined. OBJECTIVE:Determine the ability of PAI-1 to regulate myoendothelial junction (MEJ) formation. METHODS AND RESULTS:MEJs are found throughout the vasculature linking endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells. Using a vascular cell coculture we isolated MEJ fractions and performed two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis. Mass spectrometry identified PAI-1 as being enriched within MEJ fractions, which we confirmed in vivo. In the vascular cell coculture, recombinant PAI-1 added to the EC monolayer significantly increased MEJs. Conversely, addition of a PAI-1 monoclonal antibody to the EC monolayer reduced the number of MEJs. This was also observed in vivo where mice fed a high fat diet had increased PAI-1 and MEJs and the number of MEJs in coronary arterioles of PAI-1 mice was significantly reduced when compared to C57Bl/6 mice. The presence of MEJs in PAI-1 coronary arterioles was restored when their hearts were transplanted into and exposed to the circulation of C57Bl/6 mice. Application of biotin-conjugated PAI-1 to the EC monolayer in vitro confirmed the ability of luminal PAI-1 to translocate to the MEJ. Functionally, phenylephrine-induced heterocellular calcium communication in the vascular cell coculture was temporally enhanced when recombinant PAI-1 was present, and prolonged when PAI-1 was absent. CONCLUSION:Our data implicate circulating PAI-1 as a key regulator of MEJ formation and a potential target for pharmacological intervention in diseases with vascular abnormalities (eg, diabetes mellitus).
ISSN:0009-7330
1524-4571
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.215723