Magnesium sulfate reduces inflammation-associated brain injury in fetal mice

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate whether magnesium sulfate (MgSO4 ) prevents fetal brain injury in inflammation-associated preterm birth (PTB). Study Design Using a mouse model of PTB, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or normal saline solution (NS)–exposed mice were randomized to intraperitoneal treatment with MgSO4 or NS by intrauterine injection. From the 4 treatment groups (NS + NS; LPS + NS; LPS + MgSO4 ; and NS + MgSO4 ), fetal brains were collected for quantitative polymerase chain reaction studies and primary neuronal cultures. Messenger RNA expression of cytokines, cell death, and markers of neuronal and glial differentiation were assessed. Immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy were performed. Results There was no difference between the LPS + NS and LPS + MgSO4 groups in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, cell death markers, and markers of prooligodendrocyte and astrocyte development ( P > .05 for all). Neuronal cultures from the LPS + NS group demonstrated morphologic changes; this neuronal injury was prevented by MgSO4 ( P < .001). Conclusion Amelioration of neuronal injury in inflammation-associated PTB may be a key mechanism by which MgSO4 prevents cerebral palsy.