Cigarette Filter–based Assays as Proxies for Toxicant Exposure and Smoking Behavior—A Literature Review
Background: Cigarettes are being marketed with filters that differ in composition and design. The filters have different toxicant trapping efficiencies, and smoking stains reflect variations in smoking behavior. Presented herein are the results of a structured literature review that was done to iden...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention biomarkers & prevention, 2009-12, Vol.18 (12), p.3321-3333 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
Zusammenfassung: | Background: Cigarettes are being marketed with filters that differ in composition and design. The filters have different toxicant
trapping efficiencies, and smoking stains reflect variations in smoking behavior. Presented herein are the results of a structured
literature review that was done to identify cigarette filter–based assays that may serve as proxies for mouth-level exposure
and assessing smoking methods.
Methods: A search of the published scientific literature and internal tobacco company documents from 1954 to 2009 was carried
out.
Results: The literature search identified diverse schemes for assessing cigarette filters, including visual inspection and
digital imaging of smoked-stained spent filters, and quantitative determinations for total particulate matter (TPM), nicotine,
and solanesol. The results also showed that: ( a ) there are sufficient data to link filter-based chemical measures to standardized smoking machine–measured yields of tar
and nicotine; ( b ) TPM eluted from filters or in chemical digest of filters can be used to estimate the efficiency of the filter for trapping
smoke solids; ( c ) visual and digital inspection of spent filters is useful in finding indicators of variations in smoking behaviors; and ( d ) there is a correlation between solanesol and nicotine measured in filters and exposure biomarkers in smokers.
Conclusions: The cigarette filter may prove useful in estimating smoking behaviors such as filter vent blocking and puffing
intensity, and may have utility as proxy measures of mouth-level smoke exposure in clinical trials. Additional investigations
are needed to compare the different proposed assay schemes and the assay results with measurements of human biomarker assays
of smoke exposure. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(12):3321–3333) |
---|---|
ISSN: | 1055-9965 1538-7755 |
DOI: | 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0925 |