Autoantibody profiling to identify biomarkers of key pathogenic pathways in mucinous ovarian cancer

Abstract Mucinous epithelial ovarian cancers are clinically and morphologically distinct from the other histopathologic subtypes of ovarian cancer. Unlike other ovarian subtypes, epidemiologic studies have indicated that tobacco exposure is a significant risk factor for developing mucinous ovarian cancer. Detection of autoantibody reactivity is useful in biomarker discovery and for explaining the role of important pathophysiologic pathways in disease. In order to study if there are specific antibody biomarkers in the plasma samples of mucinous ovarian cancer patients, we have initiated a screen by employing a ‘reverse capture antibody microarray’ platform that uses native host antigens derived from mucinous ovarian tissues as ‘baits’ for the capture of differentially labelled patient and control autoantibodies. Thirty-five autoantibodies that were significantly elevated in the cancer plasma samples compared with healthy controls, and six autoantibodies that segregated smoking and non-smoking patients were identified. Functional annotation of the antibody targets has identified nine target antigens involved in integrin and Wnt signalling pathways. Immunohistochemistry of archived ovarian specimens showed significant overexpression of eight of the nine target antigens in mucinous ovarian tumour tissues, suggesting that plasma autoantibodies from mucinous ovarian cancer patients might have heightened reactivities with epitopes presented by these overexpressed antigens. Autoantibody profiling may have an unexpected utility in uncovering key signalling pathways that are dysregulated in the system of interest.