Coding of Repetitive Transients by Auditory Cortex on Heschl's Gyrus

1 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; 2 Departments of Psychology and Physiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; and 3 Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York Submitted 19 December 2008; accepted in final form 9 August 2009 ABSTRACT The capacity of auditory cortex on Heschl's gyrus (HG) to encode repetitive transients was studied in human patients undergoing surgical evaluation for medically intractable epilepsy. Multicontact depth electrodes were chronically implanted in gray matter of HG. Bilaterally presented stimuli were click trains varying in rate from 4 to 200 Hz. Averaged evoked potentials (AEPs) and event-related band power (ERBP), computed from responses at each of 14 recording sites, identified two auditory fields. A core field, which occupies posteromedial HG, was characterized by a robust polyphasic AEP on which could be superimposed a frequency following response (FFR). The FFR was prominent at click rates below 50 Hz, decreased rapidly as click rate was increased, but could reliably be detected at click rates as high as 200 Hz. These data are strikingly similar to those obtained by others in the monkey under essentially the same stimulus conditions, indicating that mechanisms underlying temporal processing in the auditory core may be highly conserved across primate species. ERBP, which reflects increases or decreases of both phase-locked and non–phase-locked power within given frequency bands, showed stimulus-related increases in gamma band frequencies as high as 250 Hz. The AEPs recorded in a belt field anterolateral to the core were typically of low amplitude, showing little or no evidence of short-latency waves or an FFR, even at the lowest click rates used. The non–phase-locked component of the response extracted from the ERBP showed a robust, long-latency response occurring here in response to the highest click rates in the series. Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: J. F. Brugge, Dept. of Psychology, Brogden Hall, 1210 West Johnson St., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 (E-mail: brugge{at}physiology.wisc.edu ).