Mutation in SHOC2 promotes aberrant protein N-myristoylation and underlies Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair

N -myristoylation is a common form of co-translational protein fatty acylation resulting from the attachment of myristate to a required N -terminal glycine residue. 1 , 2 We show that aberrantly acquired N -myristoylation of SHOC2, a leucine-rich repeat-containing protein that positively modulates RAS-MAPK signal flow, 3 – 6 underlies a clinically distinctive condition of the neuro-cardio-facial-cutaneous disorders family. Twenty-five subjects with a relatively consistent phenotype previously termed Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair [OMIM 607721] 7 shared the 4A>G missense change (Ser2Gly) in SHOC2 that introduces an N -myristoylation site, resulting in aberrant targeting of SHOC2 to the plasma membrane and impaired translocation to the nucleus upon growth factor stimulation. Expression of SHOC2 S2G in vitro enhanced MAPK activation in a cell type-specific fashion. Induction of SHOC2 S2G in Caenorhabditis elegans engendered protruding vulva, a neomorphic phenotype previously associated with aberrant signaling. These results document the first example of an acquired N -terminal lipid modification of a protein causing human disease.