Architects of assembly: roles of Flaviviridae nonstructural proteins in virion morphogenesis

Viruses of the Fiaviviridae family, including hepatitis C, dengue and bovine viral diarrhoea, are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent advances in our understanding of virion assembly have uncovered commonalities among distantly related members of this family. We discuss the emerging hypothesis that physical virion components are not alone in forming the infectious particle, but that non-structural proteins are intimately involved in orchestrating morphogenesis. Pinpointing the roles of Fiaviviridae proteins in virion production could reveal new avenues for antiviral therapeutics.