prefrontal cortex and the executive control of attention

We review two studies aimed at understanding the role of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the control of attention. The first study examined which attentional functions are critically dependent on PFC by removing PFC unilaterally and transecting the forebrain commissures in two macaques. The monkeys fixat...

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Veröffentlicht in:Experimental brain research 2009-01, Vol.192 (3), p.489-497
Hauptverfasser: Rossi, Andrew F, Pessoa, Luiz, Desimone, Robert, Ungerleider, Leslie G
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Pessoa, Luiz
Desimone, Robert
Ungerleider, Leslie G
description We review two studies aimed at understanding the role of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the control of attention. The first study examined which attentional functions are critically dependent on PFC by removing PFC unilaterally and transecting the forebrain commissures in two macaques. The monkeys fixated a central cue and discriminated the orientation of a colored target grating presented among colored distracter gratings in either the hemifield affected by the PFC lesion or the normal control hemifield. When the cue was held constant for many trials, task performance in the affected hemifield was nearly normal. However, performance was severely impaired when the cue was switched frequently across trials. The monkeys were unimpaired in a pop-out task with changing targets that did not require top-down attentional control. Thus, the PFC lesion resulted in selective impairment in the monkeys' ability to switch top-down control. In the second study, we used fMRI to investigate the neural correlates of top-down control in humans performing tasks identical to those used in the monkey experiments. Several fronto-parietal and posterior visual areas showed enhanced activation when attention was switched, which was greater on color cueing (top-down) trials relative to pop-out trials. Taken together, our findings indicate that both frontal and parietal cortices are involved in generating top-down control signals for attentive switching, which may then be fed back to visual processing areas. The PFC in particular plays a critical role in the ability to switch attentional control on the basis of changing task demands.
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Several fronto-parietal and posterior visual areas showed enhanced activation when attention was switched, which was greater on color cueing (top-down) trials relative to pop-out trials. Taken together, our findings indicate that both frontal and parietal cortices are involved in generating top-down control signals for attentive switching, which may then be fed back to visual processing areas. The PFC in particular plays a critical role in the ability to switch attentional control on the basis of changing task demands.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>19030851</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00221-008-1642-z</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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source MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings
subjects Anatomical correlates of behavior
Animals
Attention - physiology
Behavioral psychophysiology
Biological and medical sciences
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Brain Mapping
Cognition - physiology
Corpus Callosum - anatomy & histology
Corpus Callosum - physiology
Corpus Callosum - surgery
Cues
Denervation
Experiments
Feedback - physiology
Functional Laterality - physiology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Macaca
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Mental Processes - physiology
Motor control and motor pathways. Reflexes. Control centers of vegetative functions. Vestibular system and equilibration
Neural Pathways - anatomy & histology
Neural Pathways - physiology
Neurology
Neuropsychological Tests
Neurosciences
Parietal Lobe - anatomy & histology
Parietal Lobe - physiology
Photic Stimulation
Prefrontal Cortex - anatomy & histology
Prefrontal Cortex - physiology
Prefrontal Cortex - surgery
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Psychomotor Performance - physiology
Review
Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs
Visual Cortex - anatomy & histology
Visual Cortex - physiology
Visual Perception - physiology
Volition - physiology
title prefrontal cortex and the executive control of attention
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