Incidence and prognostic factors for seroma development after MammoSite breast brachytherapy

Abstract Purpose Describe the incidence and identify risk factors for seroma development after MammoSite breast brachytherapy (MBT). Methods and Materials MBT patient data were prospectively recorded into a quality assurance database. Departmental and electronic records were reviewed to extract patient-, treatment-, and outcome-specific data. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with development of any seroma including the subset of clinically significant seroma (CSS). CSS was defined as a symptomatic seroma requiring multiple aspirations, biopsy, and/or excision. Variables analyzed included age, weight, number of excisions, time from resection to catheter placement, placement technique, balloon volume, dosimetric factors, and postbrachytherapy infection. Results MBT was performed in 109 patients, of whom 97 had minimum 6 months (median, 36) post-MBT follow-up or earlier development of seroma. All patients received 34 Gy to 1 cm depth from balloon surface, delivered twice daily in 10 fractions. Seroma developed in 41% of patients at a median of 3 months (range, 0.1–25) post-MBT. One-third of seromas (13% of all patients) were CSS. The only factor identified as statistically significant for development of any seroma was catheter placement on day of resection vs. ≥1 day later (59% vs. 33%; p = 0.0066). Post-MBT infection was highly statistically significant for development of CSS (64% vs. 7%; p < 0.0001). Prophylactic antibiotics reduced the risk of post-MBT infection from 37.5% to 6% ( p = 0.011). Conclusions The incidence of CSS after MBT is low. Post-MBT infection is statistically significantly associated with CSS development, the incidence of which is reduced with prophylactic antibiotics.