Visualization of molecular interactions by fluorescence complementation

The visualization of protein complexes in living cells enables the investigation of molecular interactions in their native environment. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis has been used to visualize protein interactions and modifications in different cell types and species. The visualization of protein complexes in living cells enables the examination of protein interactions in their normal environment and the determination of their subcellular localization. The bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay has been used to visualize interactions among multiple proteins in many cell types and organisms. Modified forms of this assay have been used to visualize the competition between alternative interaction partners and the covalent modification of proteins by ubiquitin-family peptides.