Effect of azithromycin on primary bronchial epithelial cells derived from stable lung allografts

Recent studies of the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin in OB, including one from our centre, have reported improved lung function with rescue therapy. 1 The mechanism for this improvement remains unclear, but a recent study suggests that neutrophilic inflammation may be an important predictor of clinical response. 2 Macrolides have anti-inflammatory properties in several pulmonary conditions. GM-CSF regulates accumulation and activity of neutrophils and is increased in lung disease characterised by neutrophilic infiltration and in the post-transplant airway. 4 It is also associated with an increased number and activity of antigen presenting cells, including activated dendritic cells.