Characterization of NK cells and extrathymic T cells generated in the liver of irradiated mice with a liver shield

We previously reported that c‐kit+ stem cells which give rise to extrathymic T cells are present in the liver of adult mice. Further characterization of extrathymic T cells in the liver of adult mice is conducted here. When mice with a liver shield were lethally (9.5 Gy) irradiated, all mice survived. All tested organs showed a distribution pattern of hepatic lymphocytes on day 7. The distribution pattern in the liver was characterized by an abundance of NK (CD3− IL‐2Rβ+) and extrathymic T cells (CD3int IL‐2Rβ+) before and after irradiation. To determine their function, post‐irradiation allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was performed in mice with or without a liver shield. Allogeneic BM cells were rejected in mice with a liver shield and specific activation of CD8+ CD3int IL‐2Rβ+ cells was induced. At that time, potent cytotoxicity of liver mononuclear cells (MNC) against allogeneic thymocytes was induced. Both NK1.1+ and NK1.1− subsets of CD3int cells expanded in these mice. An in vivo elimination experiment of the subsets indicated that the NK1.1+ subset of CD3int cells (i.e. NK T cells) was much more associated with the rejection of allogeneic BM cells. However, even after the elimination of NK T cells, allogeneic BM cells were rejected. In this case, granulocytes expanded in parallel with NK1.1− subsets. Granulocytes may also be associated with the rejection of allogeneic BM cells. These results suggest that the liver is an important haematopoietic organ even in adult life.