TRANSLATING EVIDENCE ABOUT OCCUPATIONAL CONDITIONS INTO STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTION

Take place at the regulatory and workplace level Usually require a ban on the use of a substance if it is carcinogenic For regulatory purpose can include establishing exposure limits, provision of specific guidelines, and, in some cases, prohibition on manufacture, use, and import In the workplace include engineering controls such as ventilation, substitution of hazardous materials, and use of personal protective equipment Do not include education and training (4) The case studies illustrate that: Evidence for detrimental effects such as baker's asthma from exposure to flour dust led to immediate and universal implementation of control strategies which have been strictly enforced Evidence of the bladder carcinogenicity of [beta]-naphthylamine led to a ban on the manufacture and use of the substance in the UK It took over 50 years from the first evidence of carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride to the implementation of strict exposure standards to prevent this Compliance with current standards for noise exposure will ensure full protection of hearing over a working lifetime Biological monitoring of workers exposed to benzene at the currently recommended occupational exposure limit of 0.5 ppm cannot be done by measuring phenol in urine (5) The case studies demonstrate that: