Vasculitis, antiphospholipid antibodies, and renal artery stenosis

At follow up, she had persistent hypertension (220/100 mm Hg) despite treatment with three antihypertensive drugs, including an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, proteinuria, and rising serum creatinine; oral cyclophosphamide was started. Table 1 Patients with primary vasculitis, aPL, persistent hypertension, and RAS Patient No, sex Type of vasculitis, organ involvement, and treatment ANCA Renal artery stenosis history aPL and thrombosis history 1, female* WG diagnosed age 44 Respiratory, joint, renal Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids cANCA R RAS diagnosed 4 years after vasculitis Positive lupus anticoagulant on more than two occasions Cardiac valve lesions, renal thrombotic microangiopathy 2, male Churg-Strauss diagnosed age 46 Cerebral vasculitis, cardiomyopathy, asthma, sinusitis, necrotising glomerulonephritis Corticosteroids, azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide pANCA L RAS diagnosed 18 years after vasculitis Positive lupus anticoagulant on two occasions 1 Cerebrovascular accident 1 Deep vein thrombosis 3, female WG diagnosed age 47 Pulmonary haemorrhage, crescentic glomerulonephritis, peripheral neuropathy Azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, co-trimoxazole cANCA Bilateral RAS and coeliac artery stenosis diagnosed 7 years after onset of vasculitis Positive lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies on two occasions Miscarriages, superficial thrombophlebitis 4, male WG diagnosed age 56 Pulmonary haemorrhage, epistaxis, and scleritis Methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone, co-trimoxazole cANCA L RAS, superior mesenteric artery stenosis diagnosed 4 years after onset of vasculitis Lupus anticoagulant positive on two occasions No thromboses 5, female Primary idiopathic systemic vasculitis diagnosed age 42 Inflammatory arthropathy, coronary arteritis Azathioprine, methotrexate, prednisolone Not present Bilateral RAS diagnosed 15 years after onset of vasculitis Positive lupus anticoagulant on two occasions *Described above.