Analysis of Breast Milk to Assess Exposure to Chlorinated Contaminants in Kazakstan: PCBs and Organochlorine Pesticides in Southern Kazakstan

Organochlorine pesticides (OC) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in samples of breast milk taken from 92 donors representative of regional populations in southern Kazakstan. The World Health Organization protocol for assessing levels of chlorinated contaminants in breast milk was followed. The most prevalent OC residues were β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDT, hexachlorobenzene, and α-HCH. The measured levels of β-HCH were among the highest reported in the published literature. Data from Aralsk, near the Aral Sea, indicated continuing DDT exposure. Overall PCB-toxic equivalent levels (22 pg/g fat) were similar to those reported in industrialized European countries. PCBs were highest in Atyrau in the Caspian oilfields.