Life-Years Gained From Modern Cardiological Treatments and Population Risk Factor Changes in England and Wales, 1981-2000

We estimated life-years gained from cardiological treatments and cardiovascular risk factor changes in England and Wales between 1981 and 2000. We used the IMPACT model to integrate data on the number of coronary heart disease patients, treatment uptake and effectiveness, risk factor trends, and median survival in coronary heart disease patients. Compared with 1981, there were 68230 fewer coronary deaths in 2000. Approximately 925415 life-years were gained among people aged 25-84 years (range: 745 195-1 138 655). Cardiological treatments for patients accounted for approximately 194145 life-years gained (range: 142505-259225), and population risk factor changes accounted for approximately 731270 life-years gained (range; 602695-879430). Modest reductions in major risk factors led to gains in life-years 4 times higher than did cardiological treatments. Effective policies to promote healthy diets and physical activity might achieve even greater gains.