Structural and dielectric properties of synthetic glycolipids in mixtures with water

Three synthetically produced glycolipids, N-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)- N-octadecyl-stearoylamide (OSGA), N-(β-D-glucopyranosyl- N-octadecyl-oleoylamide (OOGA), N-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)- N-octadecyl-lauroylamide (OLGA) have been studied in different mixtures with water by x-ray diffraction and dielectric measurements with microwaves at 9.4 GHz. The measurements were performed in the temperature range -50–70°C. X-Ray diffraction revealed a direct L β' → H ∥ transition at 20°C, 60°C, and 45°C depending on the glycolipid species but nearly not on the water content. The hexagonal phases are saturated at a water content of ≈20 wt%. The lamellar phase absorbs even less water (< 10 wt%). The dielectric data show that in the H ∥ phase the binding of water is stronger than in the L β' phase. In the temperature range below 0°C, OSGA and OOGA show a “subzero transition” due to the freeze-out of water in a separate ice phase. This transition can be seen in an abrupt decrease of the dielectric function because the dielectric response of ice is much smaller at microwave frequencies. OLGA does not show the subzero transition but an additional transition, hexagonal → distorted hexagonal at 60°C.