Idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension: A case report

Idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension (INCPH) is a rare liver disorder with elevated portal pressure without cirrhosis, making diagnosis challenging. This case report presents a 46-year-old Chinese male with INCPH, highlighting the crucial role of liver biopsy. A 46-year-old male presented with persistent fatigue that lasted for 2 months and significantly worsened over the last 3 days. The patient described his fatigue as a profound lack of energy that persisted throughout the day, which progressively impaired his ability to perform daily activities and maintain his usual work responsibilities. He reported feeling exhausted even after light physical exertion, such as walking or standing for short periods. The severity of the fatigue also led to frequent short rests during the day, and he experienced difficulty concentrating and carrying out routine tasks. In addition, he noted a loss of appetite and mild discomfort in the upper abdomen. Given his previous history of abnormal liver function tests and a liver biopsy showing mild chronic liver damage, the patient was initially diagnosed with cirrhosis at a local hospital. This initial diagnosis caused significant emotional distress, as the patient experienced a state of panic and anxiety over the implications of having a progressive liver disease. The psychological burden was evident in his reported difficulty sleeping and persistent worry about his health and future. Initial imaging suggested portal hypertension and cirrhosis, but a liver biopsy ruled out cirrhotic changes, confirming INCPH by excluding other causes such as chronic hepatitis. The patient received symptomatic treatment (acid suppression, gastric and liver protection) and underwent a liver biopsy. Histological analysis confirmed INCPH, ruling out cirrhosis. After the definitive diagnosis, the patient's anxiety lessened. Fatigue and weakness improved with ongoing symptomatic treatment, and psychological support enhanced his overall well-being. His follow-up plan includes regular liver function monitoring, imaging for portal pressure changes, and potential anticoagulation therapy for thrombosis risks. This case highlights the diagnostic difficulty of INCPH and underscores the importance of liver biopsy. Further research is needed to develop specific diagnostic tools and treatments for INCPH.