Impact of effective micro-organisms (EM) on the yield, growth and bio-chemical properties of lettuce when applied to soil and leaves

In today's conditions, it is not possible to eliminate chemical inputs without reducing food production. Therefore, integrated methods that reduce the negative effects of chemical inputs are needed. One of the alternatives is the use of beneficial bacteria, which can both improve the yield and quality of vegetable crops and reduce the use of chemical fertilisers. This research was carried out to test the effects of a microbial fertiliser combined with inorganic fertiliser on the growth, biochemical properties and yield of lettuce and whether the use of chemical fertilisers could be reduced. Caipira curly lettuce variety was used as plant material. The microbial fertilizer used contains 7 different microorganisms and 2 different yeasts. The experiment consisted of eight treatments: Control (T ), 100% Chemical Fertilisation (T ), 50% Chemical Fertilisation + Microbial Fertilisation (T ), 75% Chemical Fertilisation + Microbial Fertilization (T ), 100% Chemical Fertilisation + Microbial Fertilisation (T ), Microbial Fertilisation Alone (T ), 50% Chemical Fertilisation + Microbial Fertilisation + Foliar Microbial Fertilisation (T ), 75% Chemical Fertilisation + Microbial Fertilisation + Foliar Microbial Fertilisation (T ). The results of the research were statistically evaluated using analysis of variance at a significance level of p