The Most Common Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria Associated with Hospital Infections, in Urmia, Iran

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a major healthcare problem in hospitalized patients, especially in developing countries, where they affect millions of patients and cause high mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate multidrug-resistant bacterial strains in NIs at Imam Khomeini University Hospital in Urmia, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sampling method. The study population comprised all positive clinical samples from HAIs registered in the laboratory of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, Iran, in 2019. Bacteria were identified by culturing the samples on blood agar and MacConkey agar, followed by performing standard biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out using the disk diffusion method, in accordance with CLSI guidelines. Of the 607 positive samples, the most common microorganisms isolated were (27.5%), (18.5%), and (15.2%). The distribution of resistance to the number of antibiotics in bacterial isolates from the samples showed that 19.8% of them were resistant to one antibiotic and 13.2% were resistant to three antibiotics. 40.5% of the samples showed no resistance to antibiotics. This study highlights the critical issue of HAIs and the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in Urmia, Iran. Urgent measures, including improved hygiene, accurate diagnostics, appropriate antibiotic use, and stakeholder education, are essential. Establishing a robust HAI surveillance system is also recommended. Future efforts should aim at understanding and mitigating the spread of these pathogens.