A Comparative Analysis of the Efficacy of Blood Exchange Therapy in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia Induced by ABO and Rh Incompatibility

This study challenges the prevailing view that hemolytic diseases of the newborn (HDN) associated with the Rh blood group system are more severe than those caused by the ABO system. The objective was to assess the effectiveness of exchange transfusion (ET) in managing HDN, with a focus on comparing treatment outcomes between ABO and Rh incompatibility cases. A study enrolled 125 neonates diagnosed with hyperbilirubinemia, comprising 66 males and 59 females. The gestational age of the neonates ranged from 33 to 41 weeks, and their birth weights varied between 2.11 to 4.3 kilograms. Based on the etiology of hemolysis, the study categorized 73 cases as ABO group and 52 as Rh group. Post- ET, there was a significant reduction in serum total bilirubin (STB), serum indirect bilirubin (SIB), and platelet (PLT) counts (P