Pilot study of the effect of surgical menopause on bone mineral density and quality in patients with gynecological malignancies

Aim To investigate the effects of surgical menopause on bone mineral density and bone quality because bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy for the treatment of gynecological malignancies is common even in premenopausal patients. This study is prospective one of bone mineral density and quality measurements after surgery for perimenopausal gynecologic malignancies. Methods In 50 women who underwent surgical menopause for a diagnosis of gynecological malignancies, bone mineral density (BMD), blood levels of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP‐5b) and bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) as bone metabolism markers, and urinary pentosidine level as bone quality marker were measured before surgery and at multiple points up to 24 months after surgery. Results In a group of 22 patients who did not undergo hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (HRT− group), BMD of the lumbar spine and total hip continued to decrease significantly from 6 months postoperatively. Percentages of changes in BMD progressively increased over time after surgery. TRACP‐5b and urinary pentosidine levels significantly increased 6 months postoperatively compared with preoperative levels. Comparisons between 10 patients who underwent HRT (HRT+ group) and the HRT− group revealed significant reductions in the percentage of change in lumbar spine BMD only and TRACP‐5b and urinary pentosidine levels 12 months postoperatively in the former group. Conclusions In this pilot study, we showed that BMD and bone‐related markers are altered in patients with surgical menopause. It also suggested that HRT may reduce these influences on bone metabolism.