Impact and management of integrated dysphagia rehabilitation within cardiac care programs for older patients with cardiovascular disease

Key summary points Aim To explore the characteristics and management of dysphagia among older hospitalized patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Japan and to clarify the impact of integrated dysphagia rehabilitation on oral intake, body mass index (BMI), and activities of daily living (ADL). Findings Dysphagia is prevalent among older patients with CVD and significantly impacts their recovery. Integrated dysphagia rehabilitation can improve oral intake, BMI, and ADL independence. Message Active integration of dysphagia management into cardiac care programs is crucial for enhancing the overall recovery and QOL in older patients with CVD. Purpose This study assessed the characteristics, management, and outcomes of dysphagia rehabilitation in older patients with CVD in a super-aged society, highlighting the need for comprehensive management strategies in community hospital settings. It aimed to uncover valuable insights into the benefits of integrating dysphagia rehabilitation with cardiac care in patient management. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of patients with CVD aged ≥ 65 years who were admitted to Niigata Minami Hospital between January 2019 and December 2021. We focused on patients requiring dysphagia rehabilitation and assessing the effects of these interventions on recovery. Results The study included 732 participants with an average age of 86.0 ± 7.8 years, of whom 41.9% were male. Approximately 55.1% required dysphagia rehabilitation. Dysphagia rehabilitation significantly improved oral caloric intake and BMI in patients who underwent rehabilitation, and these improvements were comparable to those in patients who did not require dysphagia rehabilitation. Significant enhancement in the ADL of patients was observed at discharge. Patients who required dysphagia rehabilitation also had longer hospital stays and were more likely to be discharged to nursing facilities. Conclusion Dysphagia is common in older patients with CVD, and dysphagia rehabilitation positively affects the maintenance of nutritional status and helps patients achieve ADL independence at discharge. This study highlights the importance of integrating dysphagia rehabilitation into ordinary cardiac rehabilitation programs for older patients with CVD to improve their QOL.