Cytokine Storm among Bangladeshi adults with COVID-19: A prospective cohort study

In COVID-19, cytokine storms (CS) result in higher mortality and morbidity. Our study evaluated the rate of cytokine storms among COVID-positive Bangladeshi adults. From October 2020 to March 2022, this cohort study enrolled both COVID-positive and COVID-negative healthy adults. COVID-positive cases were treated in a makeshift COVID unit of icdr,b Dhaka Hospital. CS was defined as having IL-6 >80 pg/mL or any three of the following: high CRP, ferritin, LDH, D-dimer, or low lymphocyte. Stored plasma samples were tested for the cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. This study involved 77 participants, 32 were in the severe-critical group, 30 were in the mild-moderate group, and 14 were COVID-negative. Twelve participants in the severe-critical group had CS. Thus, the rate of CS was 37.5 % (12/32). Compared to COVID-19-negative patients, COVID-19-positive patients had higher IL-6 levels, which decreased at discharge except for those dying. Among the COVID-19-positive patients, nine died. For both the mild-moderate and severe-critical patients, IL-6 increased with increasing CRP (p