Predictors of successful expectant and medical management of miscarriage: A systematic review

Introduction 15.3% of pregnancies result in miscarriage, management options include expectant, medical, or surgical. However, each patient has a range of variables, which makes navigating the available literature challenging when supporting individual patient decision‐making. This systematic review aims to investigate whether there are any specific predictors for miscarriage management outcome. Material and Methods The following databases were searched, from the start of each database up to April 2023: PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were studies interrogating defined predictors for expectant or medical management of miscarriage success. Exclusion criteria were poor quality, review articles, trial protocols, and congress s. Data collection was carried as per PRISMA guidelines. Quality assessment for each study was assessed using the QUIPS proforma. Results Relevant predictors include demographics, ultrasound features, presenting symptoms, and biochemical markers. Across the 24 studies there is heterogeneity in miscarriage definition, predictors reported, and management outcomes used. Associations with certain variables and miscarriage management outcomes are described. Ten studies assessed the impact of miscarriage type on expectant and/or medical management. The majority found that a diagnosis of incomplete miscarriage had a higher success rate following expectant or medical management compared to missed miscarriage or anembryonic pregnancy. Conclusions We conclude that there is evidence supporting the possibility to offer personalized miscarriage management advice with case specific predictors. Further larger studies with consistent definitions of predictors, management, and outcomes are needed in order to better support women through the decision‐making of miscarriage management. This is the first systematic review to address predictors of the success of expectant and medical management of miscarriage. There is evidence supporting the possibility to offer personalized miscarriage management advice with case specific predictors.