A secure transaction and smart contract architecture for internet of vehicles

Recently, with the popularity of Internet of vehicles (IoV), there is an increasing market demand for integrating blockchain technology and smart contracts in electric vehicles. By utilizing distributed blockchain and smart contract technology, it provides data integrity preservation, traceability, and prevention of forgery. These features can be effectively used in the automated charging system. As a result, IoV can utilize blockchain and smart contract technologies to facilitate seamless payment for charging fees, tolls, parking fees, online shopping and other associated expenses without the need for intermediaries. However, since blockchain and smart contracts operate in an open internet environment, there is a risk of tampering with transaction records. Therefore, enhancing security becomes a crucial concern. The main aim of this study is to emphasize the growing significance of securing transactions and smart contracts in an open transmission environment to prevent potential damage or alteration. In order to achieve the implementation of secure smart contracts within a resource-constrained IoV, this study investigates various cryptographic mechanisms and realizes the elliptic curve cryptosystem (ECC) is widely recognized for providing strong security with shorter key lengths compared to other public key cryptography methods. This makes it ideal for environments with limited resources. Furthermore, in order to enhance the performance of smart contracts, this study proposes a cloud server architecture for parallel storage of smart contracts to improve access speed. Additionally, we introduce an automated trading framework for smart contracts that operates without human intervention. Finally, this study uses ECC to ensure the secure transmission of transaction data among the vehicle, base station, and cloud server, as well as to provide mutual verification of identities across all entities involved in the operation. As a result, this study proposes a secure architecture for blockchain and smart contracts that can autonomously initiate transactions while ensuring secure transmission and protection in the IoV.