Simultaneous incisional hernia repair and colorectal surgery: one or two-step procedure?

Purpose Patients requiring colorectal surgery in the context of an incisional hernia are common, but it is not clear whether the repair should be performed as a single or two-step surgery. Our aim was to evaluate complications after concomitant abdominal wall repair and colorectal surgery compared to those after incisional hernia repair alone. Methods Adult patients who underwent elective incisional hernia surgery from 2012–2022 from the EVEREG registry were included. Patients who underwent midline incisional hernia repair as a single procedure and patients who underwent midline incisional hernia repair concomitant with colorectal surgery were included. The primary outcome was surgical site infection (SSI). The secondary outcomes were the Clavien–Dindo classification grade, in-hospital mortality and recurrence. Results A total of 7783 patients were included: 256(3.3%) who underwent concomitant surgery and 7527(96.7%) who underwent only midline incisional hernia repair. The first group included more comorbid patients and complex hernias. SSI was found in 55.4% of patients who underwent simultaneous surgery compared to 30.7% of patients who underwent hernia repair alone ( P = 0.000). Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for SSI were BMI (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.11; P = 0.004), smoking (OR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.12–3.19; P = 0.017), transverse diameter (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.11; P = 0.017), component separation (OR = 1.996, 95% CI 1.25–3.08; P = 0.037) and clean-contaminated and contaminated surgeries(OR = 3.86, 95% CI 1.36–10.66; P = 0.009). Higher grades of Clavien–Dindo ( P = 0.001) and mortality rates ( P