Genetic and Biotechnological Approaches to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Advancing Diagnostics, Treatment Strategies, and Public Health Implications

Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disorder where pregnant women have difficulty processing glucose, which influences the mother's and the fetus's health. The rising prevalence of GDM, often linked to obesity, highlights the need to study its processes and develop appropriate treatment techniques. Conventional diagnostic approaches may not accurately anticipate or address genetic predispositions, emphasizing the need for further investigation. Objective This study aims to explore genetic and biotechnological approaches to improve diagnostics, treatment, and public health strategies for GDM. Methodology This research was carried out in two hospitals in Pakistan over a period of 12 months, from January to December 2023. A sample size of 260 was determined using an anticipated GDM prevalence of 15%. The data were obtained by administering structured questionnaires, doing anthropometric measures, and analyzing blood samples for genetic information. The statistical study included the use of descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression to examine the relationships between genetic markers and the risk of GDM. The significance level of these associations was assessed using a p-value of