Emerging Trends in Lung Cancer Presentation at a Leading Tertiary Oncology Center and the Need for Lung Cancer Screening in Pakistan

Background Lung cancer is a significant global health concern, with Pakistan lacking a national cancer registry. Methods A retrospective study analyzed 345 lung cancer patients at Shifa International Hospital from 2018 to 2020. Demographics, symptoms, cancer stage, site, and histological types were assessed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square test. Results Most patients were male (267, 77.4%) with a mean age of 45-75 years. Common symptoms included patients with cough (168, 49%), blood in sputum (114, 33%), and chest pain (120, 35%). Most cases presented at advanced stages (81% at stage 4). Adenocarcinoma (131, 38%) was the most common histological type, with significant differences noted between smokers and non-smokers. Conclusion Gender disparities exist in lung cancer incidence, with a higher proportion of male patients. Both smokers and non-smokers are affected, emphasizing the need for comprehensive screening. Early detection and intervention strategies are crucial, especially considering the advanced stage of presentation. Tailored approaches considering histological types are essential for effective management. This study underscores the urgency of implementing screening programs and raising awareness to mitigate the burden of lung cancer in Pakistan.