The Self-Reported Quality of Sleep and Its Relationship with the Development of Arterial Hypertension: Perspectives from the Tlalpan 2020 Cohort

A well-established association exists between the development of hypertension and sleep quality. The connection between self-reported sleep quality and the onset of hypertension is particularly significant in populations with metabolic deterioration, such as in Mexico. The Tlalpan 2020 Cohort was analyzed to explore this association. Clinical and anthropometric characteristics, along with the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale (MOS-SS), were compared between participants who developed hypertension and those who did not over a follow-up period of 30.8 months. The potential role of poor sleep quality in the development of hypertension was assessed. Among 1520 participants, 12% developed hypertension. These individuals had higher anthropometric and laboratory values and reported poorer sleep quality. An elevated sleep problems index was associated with a 50% higher relative risk of developing hypertension (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.087 to 2.069). Additionally, self-reported snoring was associated with hypertension onset (36.3 vs. 43.3; = 0.019). Poor sleep quality and respiratory disturbances during sleep increase the risk of developing hypertension. Furthermore, hypertension was associated with snoring, highlighting the importance of early interventions to improve sleep quality.