Orofacial Migraine-A Narrative Review

The diagnosis of migraine is based on clear criteria outlined in the International Classification of Headache Disorders version 3 (ICHD-3). Notably, the criteria in ICHD-3 omit the location of the migraine. There are increasing reports of migraine in the facial region. Facial presentations of migraine are not easy to diagnose as they appear in the lower two-thirds of the face, often in the maxillary sinus region, around the ear, the upper/lower jaws, and the teeth. Additionally, a similar but distinct entity, neurovascular orofacial pain, has been established. The symptomatology of facial presentations of these headaches often resembles sinusitis and dental pathology. We will review these presentations, their diagnosis, and possible pathophysiology.