Median Nerve Palsy Caused by a Brachial Artery Pseudoaneurysm Following an Acute Penetrating Trauma

Arterial pseudoaneurysms are uncommon vascular lesions resulting from a breach in the arterial wall leading to contained haematoma formation, often associated with trauma or iatrogenic procedures. Brachial artery pseudoaneurysms following acute penetrating trauma are rare, with even fewer cases presenting with associated median nerve complications. We present the case of a 41-year-old man who developed median nerve palsy secondary to a brachial artery pseudoaneurysm following a knife stab wound to his left cubital fossa. Initially, the pseudoaneurysm was undiagnosed, and the patient experienced worsening symptoms, leading to further investigation and subsequent surgical repair of the pseudoaneurysm. This case underscores the importance of considering vascular injuries and their delayed sequelae in cases of penetrating trauma, particularly when associated with neurological deficits. Prompt diagnosis and intervention are crucial to prevent potential complications and optimise patient outcomes. The utilisation of appropriate imaging modalities, such as Doppler ultrasonography and CT angiography, facilitates accurate diagnosis and guides tailored management strategies. Further research is warranted to explore optimal treatment approaches and long-term outcomes in similar cases.