Carbapenem Resistance in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii Complex Isolates From Kathmandu Model Hospital, Nepal, Is Attributed to the Presence of blaOXA-23-like and blaNDM-1 Genes

Specifically, within the timeframe of this study at Kathmandu Model Hospital, there had been no instances of previous molecular investigations to comprehend the presence of AMR genes within the ACB complex [29, 30]. Since knowledge about AMR genes within the ACB complex primarily relied on just a few studies [21–23], this research is aimed at determining whether the AMR genes, as identified in earlier studies, were apparent in ACB isolates obtained from Kathmandu Model Hospital, Nepal. [...]given its previous isolation in neighboring countries like India and China, there was conjecture regarding its potential presence [31, 32]. [...]this study specifically focuses on the prevalence of blaNDM-1, blaOXA-24-like, and blaOXA-23-like carbapenemase genes in CR-ACB complex isolates obtained from inpatients at Kathmandu Model Hospital. 2. Study Design and Selection of Participants A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of CR-ACB complex among inpatients (hospital-admitted individuals) and to identify the presence of blaNDM-1, blaOXA-23-like, and blaOXA-24-like genes associated with CR. Gram-negative coccobacilli with a positive catalase test, a negative oxidase test, lacking motility, testing negative for indole production, demonstrating citrate utilization, displaying variable urease activity, and showing no production of hydrogen sulfide in the triple sugar iron agar (TSIA) medium were recognized as members of the ACB complex.