A preliminary study on the association between prognostic nutritional index and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with nutritional status and inflammation in febrile children's susceptibility to seizures

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between nutritional status, inflammation, and susceptibility to seizures in febrile children. This observational single-center study was carried out from January 2020 to December 2023 with 324 children aged 6 months and 6 years; 106 were diagnosed with febrile seizure, 108 were febrile children, and 110 were healthy controls. The prognostic nutritional index and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were calculated, and the cutoff threshold was established through receiver operating characteristics. The study utilized correlation and univariate-multivariate logistic regression analysis. The comparison between simple and complex febrile seizure was conducted to analyze differences. The optimal cutoff values were identified as 61.25 for prognostic nutritional index and 1.04 for neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Our findings showed a significant negative association between febrile seizure and platelet count, high C-reactive protein, and high ferritin levels. Additionally, the febrile seizure group showed a significant positive correlation with high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio values (≥1.04) and body temperature (≥38). Our findings revealed that high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, high C-reactive protein, and age less than 18 months were independently associated with seizure susceptibility in febrile children. High neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio values and low prognostic nutritional index scores may serve as novel surrogate independent factors for seizure susceptibility in febrile children. Febrile children who are less than 18 months old are more prone to experience seizures than older febrile children. Moreover, there was a correlation between febrile seizures and elevated C-reactive protein levels and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio values.