Computed tomography-based radiomics combined with machine learning allows differentiation between primary intestinal lymphoma and Crohn's disease

Due to similar clinical manifestations and imaging signs, differential diagnosis of primary intestinal lymphoma (PIL) and Crohn's disease (CD) is a challenge in clinical practice. To investigate the ability of radiomics combined with machine learning methods to differentiate PIL from CD. We collected contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and clinical data from 120 patients form center 1. A total of 944 features were extracted single-phase images of CECT scans. Using the last absolute shrinkage and selection operator model, the best predictive radiographic features and clinical indications were screened. Data from 54 patients were collected at center 2 as an external validation set to verify the robustness of the model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were used for evaluation. A total of five machine learning models were built to distinguish PIL from CD. Based on the results from the test group, most models performed well with a large area under the curve (AUC) (> 0.850) and high accuracy (> 0.900). The combined clinical and radiomics model (AUC = 1.000, accuracy = 1.000) was the best model among all models. Based on machine learning, a model combining clinical data with radiologic features was constructed that can effectively differentiate PIL from CD.