Multiple nanotechnological approaches using natural compounds for diabetes management

Objectives Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-standing and non-transmissible endocrine disease that generates significant clinical issues and currently affects approximately 400 million people worldwide. The aim of the present review was to analyze the most relevant and recent studies that focused on the potential application of plant extracts and phytocompounds in nanotechnology for the treatment of T2DM. Methods Various databases were examined, including Springer Link, Google Scholar, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and Science Direct. The search focused on discovering the potential application of nanoparticulate technologies in enhancing drug delivery of phytocompounds for the mentioned condition. Results Several drug delivery systems have been considered, that aimed to reduce adverse effects, while enhancing the efficiency of oral antidiabetic medications. Plant-based nanoformulations have been highlighted as an innovative approach for DM treatment due to their eco-friendly and cost-effective synthesis methods. Their benefits include targeted action, enhanced availability, stability, and reduced dosage frequency. Conclusions Nanomedicine has opened new opportunities for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of DM. The use of nanomaterials has demonstrated improved outcomes for both T1DM and T2DM. Notably, flavonoids, including substances such as quercetin, naringenin and myricitrin, have been recognized for their enhanced efficacy when delivered through novel nanotechnologies in preventing T2DM onset and associated complications. The perspectives on the addressed subject point to the development of more nanostructured phytocompounds with improved bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.