Molecular network mechanism of Shexiang Huayu Xingnao granules in treating intracerebral hemorrhage

We aim to explore the pharmacological efficacy and molecular network mechanism of Shexiang Huayu Xingnao granules (SX granules) in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) based on experiments and network pharmacology. After the ICH model establishment, the behavioral functions of rats were assessed by the modified neurological severity score (mNSS), the wire suspension test, and the rotarod test. Brain histomorphological changes were observed using 2,3,5‐triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), hematoxylin–eosin (HE), Nissl, and TdT‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) combined with neuronal nuclear (NEUN) immunofluorescence staining. The cross‐targets of SX granules and ICH were obtained using network pharmacology, gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway analysis were performed. Then, the obtained Hub genes were verified using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). The mNSS score was reduced and the duration to remain wire suspended increased in the SX group. In the morphological experiment, SX granules reduced brain tissue damage, neuronal apoptosis, and the number of astrocytes in the ICH rats. Moreover, 607 targets of drug–disease intersection were obtained by network pharmacology, and 10 Hub genes were found. SX granules regulated the expression of HRAS, MAPK3, and STAT3 in ICH condition. In conclusion, SX granules improved behavioral dysfunction, abnormal alterations in brain tissue, and cell morphology in ICH rats, and potential molecular mechanism was linked with the expression of multiple genes. This study investigated the efficacy and potential mechanism of Shexiang Huayu Xingnao granules (SX granules) in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Through behavioral tests, hematoxylin–eosin (HE), Nissl, immunofluorescence, and other research methods, we found that SX granules improved behavioral dysfunction and abnormal changes in brain tissue and cell morphology in ICH rats. We also used network pharmacology to explore the relevant targets and Hub genes of SX granules acting on ICH and further analyzed the key pathways of the drug to treat the disease through GO enrichment and KEGG pathway. Ultimately, the Hub genes were validated using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), thus revealing the potential mechanism of action of SX granules in the treatment of ICH.