Incidence and Prevalence of Fibrous Dysplasia/McCune-Albright Syndrome: A Nationwide Registry-Based Study in Denmark

Abstract Context Fibrous dysplasia/McCune-Albright syndrome (FD/MAS) is a rare genetic disorder. Incidence and prevalence are not well-studied. Epidemiological research is complicated by the rarity of FD/MAS, absence of registries, heterogeneous presentation, and possibly asymptomatic phenotype. FD/MAS may present with FGF23-mediated hypophosphatemia, of which the epidemiology is also unclear. Objective Evaluate incidence and prevalence of FD/MAS and FD/MAS-related hypophosphatemia. Methods This cohort study based on the nationwide Danish National Patient Registry from 1995-2018, included patients identified by ICD-10 codes M85.0 (monostotic FD [MFD]) and Q78.1 (polyostotic FD [PFD]/MAS). Incidence rates and prevalence were calculated and stratified by sex, age, calendar period, and diagnosis code. Cases were screened for FD-associated hypophosphatemia by diagnosis code E.83 (disorder of mineral metabolism) and dispatched vitamin D analogues. Results A total of 408 patients were identified, 269 with MFD (66%), 139 with PFD/MAS (34%), comparable between sexes. Incidence of FD/MAS demonstrated increasing secular trend with a rate of 3.6 per 1 000 000 person-years (95% CI: 2.9, 4.5) in 2015-2018. Incidence peaked between age 11 and 20. Prevalence of FD/MAS increased over time to 61.0 (95% CI: 54.6, 67.4) per 1 000 000 persons in 2018. The incidence rate of MFD was 1.5-fold that of PFD/MAS in the first decade, rising to 2.5-fold in the last decade. No FD/MAS cases were registered with diagnosis code or treatment for hypophosphatemia. Conclusion FD/MAS is rare, diagnosis peaks during adolescence without sex predominance, and MFD is most prevalent. Hypophosphatemia may be underdiagnosed and undertreated, or it may be underregistered, comparing this study to literature.