Ivabradine ameliorates cardiomyopathy progression in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy model rat

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive myopathy caused by dystrophin mutations. Inevitable progressive cardiomyopathy is a current leading cause of premature death although respiratory management has improved the prognosis of patients with DMD. Recent evidence shows that reducing the heart rate is expected as one of the promising strategies for heart failure treatment, but administering a sufficient dose of β-blocker for patients with DMD with tachycardia is difficult because of their low blood pressure (BP). Thus, this study aimed to clarify the role of ivabradine, which suppresses cardiac sinus node pacemakers without decreasing BP, in ameliorating cardiomyopathy progression in a rat model with DMD. A trans-oral single ivabradine administration demonstrated a declined dose-dependent heart rate without any significant BP reduction. Trans-gastric repeated administrations of 5 mg/kg of ivabradine twice a day for 3 months showed ameliorated cardiomyopathy in DMD rats based on echocardiography and histopathological observations (left ventricular dysfunction, right ventricular dysfunction, and myocardial fibrosis) as compared with vehicle administration.Our finding indicates that ivabradine is expected as another treatment choice for patients with DMD having tachycardia.